Explain the type of insulin being prescribed (rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, long-acting) and how it works to control blood glucose levels.
Injection Technique:
Demonstrate how to inject insulin properly, including site rotation (abdomen, thighs, buttocks, upper arms).
Inject at least 1 inch away from the previous site and avoid areas with scars or moles.
Ensure proper injection technique (needle length, angle of insertion).
Discuss the importance of proper needle disposal.
Inform about possible reactions at the injection site and how to manage them.
Dosing and Timing:
Instruct on how to measure and adjust doses.
Explain the timing of insulin administration in relation to meals and daily activities.
Emphasize the importance of regular blood glucose monitoring and keeping a log of results to adjust insulin doses.
When to Monitor:
Typically, BGL should be checked
before meals
before bedtime
before exercising
when feeling unwell
before critical tasks like driving.
Target Levels:
Pre-prandial (Before Meals): Generally, the target is between 4-7 mmol/L.
Post-prandial (1-2 hours after starting a meal): The target is typically less than 10 mmol/L.
Hypoglycemia Awareness and Management:
Educate about signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia (e.g., shakiness, sweating, confusion).
Discuss how to treat hypoglycemia promptly with fast-acting carbohydrates.
If the patient is a driver, they may need to notify the driver’s licensing authority about their diabetes management, especially if they’re on insulin therapy.
The specific requirements vary by region, but typically include regular medical reviews and stringent BGL monitoring to ensure safe driving capabilities.
Failure to notify can have legal implications and might affect insurance coverage.
Emergency Situations:
Educate about the need for a medical ID bracelet and carrying emergency contact information.
Advise on what to do in case of illness or emergencies when glucose levels may be harder to control.
Regular Follow-Up and Support:
Stress the importance of regular follow-up appointments for dose adjustments and monitoring.
Provide information about diabetes education programs and support groups.
Insulin Adjustment Factors:
Educate about factors that may necessitate insulin dose adjustments (e.g., changes in diet, activity level, stress, illness).