Systemic Diseases Involving Lung
“Collagen-vascular” or “connective tissue” diseases commonly involve lung and typically cause interstitial lung disease.
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Pleural lesions
- Fibrinous pleuritis (pleural effusion)
- Pleural fibrosis
Parenchymal lesions
- NSIP
- OP
- Acute lupus pneumonitis (DAD, intra-alveolar haemorrhage)
- Vascular lesions (intimal & medial thickening, vasculitis, pulmonary hypertension)
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Pleural lesions
- Nonspecific pleuritis
- Necrobiotic nodules
Parenchymal lesions
- Interstitial pneumonia (UIP, NSIP)
- Airway lesions (OP, constrictive bronchiolitis, follicular bronchiolitis)
- Necrobiotic nodules (including Caplan’s syndrome)
- Vasculitis
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Secondary amyloidosis
PROGRESSIVE SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (SCLERODERMA)
- UIP, honeycomb lung
- Pleural fibrosis and adhesions
- Vascular changes (pulmonary hypertension)
OTHERS
- Polymyositis, dermatomyositis, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren’s syndrome are all associated with similar pulmonary abnormalities.