GYNECOLOGY

Pudendal nerve entrapment

  • disabling form of genital pain resulting from inflammation, compression or entrapment of the pudendal nerve (S2,3,4)
  • affecting 4% of patients presenting with CPP.
  • It has been associated with
    • Childbirth
    • pelvic surgery  
    • intense cycling
    • sacroiliac skeletal abnormalities 
    • age-related changes/Post-menopausal women – related to urogenital atrophy as a result of decreased oestrogen
  • Symptoms
    • pelvic pain with sitting which worsens throughout the day 
    • pain decreases with standing or lying down. 
    • Common in people have office jobs and make frequent, long journeys 
    • sexual dysfunction
    • difficulty in urination and defaecation
  • Nantes essential diagnostic criteria for pudendal nerve entrapment (all must be present).
    • Pain is expressed in the anatomical territory of the pudendal nerve (S 2, 3 and 4 – from the anus to the clitoris)
    • Pain is aggravated by sitting (Pain predominantly experienced on sitting)
    • The patient does not wake up during the night due to the absence of nocturnal pain
    • There is no objective sensory loss on clinical examination
    • There is positive response to anaesthetic block of the pudendal nerve
    • (Pain relieved by diagnostic pudendal nerve block)
  • Diagnosis
    • USS
    • MRI
    • EMG
  • Management
    • behavioural modifications
    • pelvic floor physiotherapy
    • analgesics
    • pudendal nerve block (transacral block at S2-S4)
    • botox injections (in case of muscle spasms)
    • surgical decompression via the transperineal, transgluteal or transischiorectal approach

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