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Category: CANCER

Bladder cancer 

Follow up: Guided by urology but apparently those with non muscle invasive disease should have 3 monthly cystoscopy and urine cytology for 2 years and…

Breast cancer

Risk Factors Screening Clinical features Examination Investigations   Triple test Risk Factors Screening Risk Level Age Relatives Diagnosed Conditions What should be done? How often?…

Cancer Pain

Total/holistic approach – physical, psychological, spiritual, social Cancer Pain Management: A Narrative Review of Current Concepts, Strategies, and Techniques by François Mestdagh, Arnaud Steyaert and…

Cervical Cancer

Risks Natural history of cervical dysplasia Presentation Management Cervical screening Refer immediately if Unsatisfactory Should have a co-test if Pregnancy Previous hysterectomy Self-collection Specific populations…

Colorectal Cancer

Bowel Cancer Screening Risk stratification based on family history – Current screening guidelines based on family history Category 1(relative risk x 1–2) Category 2(relative risk…

Endometrial Cancer

Postmenopausal Bleeding = Endometrial cancer until proven otherwise.   ABNORMAL VAGINAL BLEEDING IN PRE- AND PERI-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN VAGINAL BLEEDING IN POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN A diagnostic guide for…

Leukaemia

General Information Age Ranges Acute Leukaemia Symptoms Signs Diagnosis Treatment Note: Relapse of acute leukaemia often means imminent death unless bone marrow transplantation is successful.…

Ovarian Cancer

Adnexal mass DDx Risk Factors Protective factors Presentation Genitourinary symptoms (frequency, urgency, prolapse) Examination Screening Investigations Management

Pagets disease of the nipple

Symptoms  pagets eczema Erythematous, scaly, crusty, and thickened plaque-like lesionerythematous patch is sharply demarcated and deeply infiltrated, unlike eczematous dermatitis Unilateral, persistentItching or burning sensation.…

Pharyngeal Cancers

Painful Swallowing + Ear Pain + Hoarseness = Pharyngeal Cancer Risk Factors: smoking (tobacco, marijuana, cigars),  UV lights, EtOH, Betel nut chewing, HPV, EBV Presenting…