Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) Summary:  Pathology 🡪  in increased water permeability of the renal distal tubule and collecting duct through aquaporin insertion. Underlying causes of SIADH Diagnosis of SIADH Investigations for underlying causes MaNAGEMENT

Differentials -­ Pseudohyponatraemia: -­ Hyperlipidaemia -­ Hyperglycaemia -­ Hyperproteinaemia -­ Fluid Overloaded – ECF increased: -­ CCF -­ Chronic liver disease -­ CKD/ nephrotic syndrome -­ Hepatorenal syndrome -­ Steroids -­ Euvolaemic – ECF normal: -­ Water intoxication -­ SIADH (multiple medications: -­ Malignancy (Small cell lung, pancreas, prostate, leukaemia, …

Hypokalaemia is defined as a serum potassium level of < 3.5 mmol/L. ECG changes generally do not manifest until there is a moderate degree of hypokalaemia (2.5-2.9 mmol/L). The earliest ECG manifestation of hypokalaemia is a decrease in T wave amplitude. ECG features of hypokalaemia (K < 2.7 mmol/L) With…

Causes: An easy way to remember the usual order of ECG changes seen is by following the ECG trace logically – effects begin on the T wave and move forwards to the P wave / PR interval, and subsequently to the QRS complex with QRS widening and conduction blocks. Classification…