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Anaphylaxis
https://www.allergy.org.au/hp/papers/acute-management-of-anaphylaxis-guidelines 1. Definition and Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis is highly likely when any 1 of the following 3 criteria are fulfilled: (1) Acute onset of an illness (minutes to several hours) with involvement of the skin, mucosal tissue, or both– Localised to area of contact (eg perioral) or…
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Nasal Bone Fractures
Anatomy History and Physical Examination Evaluation Treatment / Management Differential Diagnosis Prognosis Complications Postoperative and Rehabilitation Care
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Initial Assessment and Evaluation of Traumatic Facial Injuries
Primary Survey in Maxillofacial Trauma Airway Compromise Hemorrhage Control Secondary Survey Focused History Inspection and Motor Function Sensation, Palpation, and Stability Ocular Examination Ears, Nose, and Oropharynx Imaging Management and Disposition of Certain Fracture Types Orbital and Nasoorbitoethmoid Fractures Zygoma Fractures Nasal Fractures Maxillary (Le Fort) Fractures Mandible Fractures Common…
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Hypomagnesemia
Causes of Hypomagnesemia (RRID) Effects of Hypomagnesemia Therapeutic Indications Eclampsia Arrhythmias Post Myocardial Infarction Asthma/Bronchospasm SAH Management Replacement Preferred Magnesium Preparations
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Heat Stroke
Etiology Epidemiology Pathophysiology History and Physical Evaluation Treatment / Management General Management Cooling Methods General Management Cooling Methods Indications Contraindications Equipment Personnel Preparation Technique or Treatment Complications Pharmacologic Adjuncts Differential Diagnosis Prognosis Complications Deterrence and Patient Education Enhancing Healthcare Team Outcomes
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Red flags (and diagnostic triads)
Pediatric Fevers Condition Description Age < 3 months (<6 months amber) Always consider UTI Unwell Appears unwell (e.g. to nurse)Pale, mottled, ashen, or cyanosedNot responding to social cuesDrowsy, doesn’t wake or stay awakeWeak cryGrunting, RR>60, chest in-drawingReduced skin turgor, tachycardia, CRT >3 sec, dry mucous membranes, reduced urine outputPoor feeding…
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Animal Bites
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Burns
Classification of Burns Burns can be classified according to the body surface area that is involved: Types of Burns There are 4 main types of burns that occur: Classification of depth of burn injury Burns are also classified according to the depth of injury: Pathophysiology of burn injuries The local…
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Fitness to drive
General Considerations Red flags 1. Driving History 2. Physical and Functional Assessments 3. Cognitive and Behavioral Indicators 4. Conditions Likely to Affect Driving (Consult Austroads Guidelines) mandatory waiting periods 6. Private vs Commercial Driving Standards 7. Practical Considerations for Driving Cessation 8. Reporting Requirements 9. Referral and Further Evaluation 10.…
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Eye Trauma
Retrobulbar hemorrhage/ orbital compartment syndrome Pathology DDx Examination findings Management lateral canthotomy/ cantholysis The main steps in emergency ≈/ cantholysis are: Orbitozygomatic fractures/ Orbital blowout fracture Chemical Burn to eye
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Orbital Cellulitis
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Corneal foreign body/Corneal abrasion
History: Examination: Slit lamp exam and tonometry: Differentials Management: Follow up Complications
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animal/Mammalian Bites
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snake bites
BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON SNAKEBITES Prehospital First Aid: PBI Video Transport The patient requires a hospital that has the following: If the above is not met, initial management may occur at the first site and then retrieval services will transfer out. If envenomation is clinically evident then antivenom maybe brought out by…
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Hypertensive Emergency
Definition of Hypertensive Emergency Two Categories of Hypertensive Emergencies Symptoms in severe hypertension (>180/110): Clinical Signs Bloods – to check End-organ dysfunction in the context of a hypertensive crisis Principles for Lowering BP in the ED IV Drug Choices for Hypertensive Emergencies Defining features and management of severe hypertension (Table…
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Head injury (kids)
Primary survey and resuscitation: A Alert V Responds to voice P Responds to pain U Unresponsive Assess pupil size, equality and reactivity Initial management flowchart: Secondary survey: Perform a formal Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) Neck and cervical spine Head Eyes Ears Nose Mouth Face Motor function * suspect basal skull fracture if these signs present Features…