Rinne’s Test Weber’s Test   Rinne’s test Weber’s test Normal Air conduction > bone conduction (Positive Rinne’s)  Heard in the midline Conductive hearing loss Bone conduction > Air conduction(Negative Rinne’s) Heard in the bad ear  Sensorineural hearing loss Air conduction > bone conduction(Positive Rinne’s)  Heard in the good ear  Causes of Conductive Hearing Loss…

Introduction Etiology Epidemiology Pathophysiology History and Physical Examination Evaluation Treatment / Management Differential Diagnosis Prognosis Complications Deterrence and Patient Education Enhancing Healthcare Team Outcomes

Introduction Etiology Epidemiology Pathophysiology History and Physical Evaluation Treatment/Management Repositioning Maneuvers Surgical Treatment Differential Diagnosis Prognosis Complications Deterrence and Patient Education Enhancing Healthcare Team Outcomes

from: MedicineToday 2014; 15(3): 18-26 Hallmark of Acute Attack: Vertigo Characteristics: Early Stage: Middle Stage: Late Stage: Natural History: Variants: Epidemiology: Pathophysiology – Current Understanding: Differential Diagnosis Diagnosis Diagnosis Criteria (Barany Society): Clinical Examination: Between Attacks: During Acute Attack: Investigations: Differential Diagnosis Common Causes of Disturbed Balance: Conditions Mimicking Ménière’s…

Anatomy Etiology Epidemiology History and Physical Examination Evaluation Treatment/Management Differential Diagnosis Complications Prognosis Deterrence and Patient Education Enhancing Healthcare Team Outcomes

These peripheral causes of vertigo are benign, and treatment involves reassurance and management of symptoms. Cause Description Peripheral causes Acute labyrinthitis Inflammation of the labyrinthine organs caused by viral or bacterial infection Acute vestibular neuronitis (vestibular neuritis)* Inflammation of the vestibular nerve, usually caused by viral infection Benign positional paroxysmal…

Symptoms Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment 

Noise trauma is a primary preventable cause of sensorineural hearing loss, which occurs due to damage to the hair cells in the inner ear. It can result from various sources: Types of Occupational Noise Damage Characteristics of Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Overview: Epidemiology: Symptoms: Imaging: Referral: Additional Notes:

Definition: Epidemiology: Symptoms: Diagnosis: Prognosis: Treatment:

Sudden Onset Hearing Loss (SOHL) is characterized by the patient’s subjective experience of hearing loss in one or both ears. To objectively confirm the presence and severity of hearing loss, a Pure Tone Audiogram (PTA) is necessary. A thorough clinical assessment can help differentiate between: In most cases of SSNHL,…

Type of Tinnitus Description Possible Causes/Differentials Subjective Tinnitus Only the affected individual can hear the sound – Noise-induced hearing loss– Presbycusis– Ototoxic medications– Meniere’s disease– Acoustic trauma– Inner ear infections/inflammation– Stress and anxiety Objective Tinnitus The sound can also be heard by the examiner – Vascular abnormalities– Muscular disorders– TMJ…

Characteristic features differentiating inner ear barotrauma and inner ear decompression sickness Inner ear barotrauma Inner ear decompression sickness Conductive or mixed hearing loss Sensorineural hearing loss Descent or ascent Ascent Cochlear symptoms (ie hearing loss predominates) Vestibular symptoms predominant; right sided History of forced or difficult Valsalva manoeuvre Not associated with…

OTALGIA Local Causes Referred (10 T’s + 2) Primary or Secondary – Primary otalgia is pain coming directly from the ear where secondary otalgia is referred pain by cranial nerves from somewhere outside the ear (Trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, cervical plexus, Require higher index of suspicion, More common in adults)

Anatomy Ear Wax (Cerumen) Causes of Ear Wax Accumulation Indications for Treatment Treatment Options Safe Syringing Procedure Contraindications for Ear Syringing Side Effects and Complications Alternative Mechanical Removal Methods Referral to ENT Specialist Key Patient Education Points Mechanical jet ear irrigation system

Clinical differential diagnoses of EAE include EAE can be classified into four grades of severity based on the percentage of obstruction of the EAC, as assessed by otoscopy Preventive Measures Surgical Treatment Risks and Considerations Alternative Treatments

Acute localised otitis externa  Necrotising otitis externa

Definition: Clinical Presentation: Examination: Pathogenesis: Congenital Cholesteatoma: Acquired Cholesteatoma: Differential Diagnosis: Investigations: Management:

Aetiology Symptoms Red flags Signs Management Keep ear dry ENT Consultation indications Acute Traumatic Perforations: Chronic Perforations: Unsafe Perforations: Antibiotics: Surgical Indications Prognosis Key Takeaways

Management

non-pharm: pharm: Review weekly until the signs of AOM have resolved. Also review within 4 weeks after resolutionfor children at high risk of CSOM Education for AOM with perforation tragal pumping When to Refer TM Perforation

Otitis Media Terms: Otitis Media (OM): Refers to all forms of inflammation and infection of the middle ear.Active inflammation or infection is nearly alwaysassociated with a middle ear effusion (fluid in themiddle ear space). Acute Otitis Media (AOM): General term for both acute otitis media with and without  perforation. It is…