Amenorrhea, the absence of menstruation, can be The evaluation involves a comprehensive history, physical examination, pregnancy test, hormone testing, and pelvic imaging Primary: 1. Anomalies…
Primary Amenorrhea: Secondary Amenorrhea:
Risk Factors Screening Clinical features Examination Investigations Triple test Risk Factors Screening Risk Level Age Relatives Diagnosed Conditions What should be done? How often?…
Common % Mammary Dysplasia 32 Fibroadenoma 23 Cancer 22 Cysts 10 Breast abscess / periareolar inflammation 2 Less common – mammary duct ectasia, duct papilloma,…
– common problem, 50% breast problems in GP, 14% referral to breast clinic – typical age 30 – 50yrs, peak 35-45yrs – only 1 in…
Risks Natural history of cervical dysplasia Presentation Management Cervical screening Refer immediately if Unsatisfactory Should have a co-test if Pregnancy Previous hysterectomy Self-collection Specific populations…
Possible Causes The most common causes of cervicitis include: Less common causes are: In individuals with a low risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), cervicitis…
Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill (COCP) Progestin Only Pill (minipill) Implanon-NXT Depot-Provera Intrauterine-devices Nuvaring Permanent Contraception Emergency-Contraception Range of options includes: Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill (COCP)…
Term Abnormal uterine bleeding pattern Oligomenorrhea Bleeding occurs at intervals of > 35 days and usually is caused by a prolonged follicular phase. Polymenorrhea Bleeding…
BPS/ interstitial cystitis IBS irritable bowel syndrome Pelvic floor dysfunction pudendal nerve entrapment Endometriosis Pain Pain worsens as bladder fills and improves after voiding…
Differential Diagnosis To reach the exact diagnosis of dyspareunia is a tricky one as it can be confused with other disorders of similar complaints. Several…
Postmenopausal Bleeding = Endometrial cancer until proven otherwise. ABNORMAL VAGINAL BLEEDING IN PRE- AND PERI-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN VAGINAL BLEEDING IN POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN A diagnostic guide for…
Dysmenorrhoea + menorrhagia + abdo/pelvic pain
Hyperprolactinemia
BENEFITS RISKS – Reduces bowel cancer – Increased endometrial Ca IF >5 YEARS!! – Reduces osteoporosis – Increased breast Ca (slight) – Risk decreases after…
DIfferentials – DIAPPERS Other conditions to consider include: Red Flags specific definitions for the terminology commonly used in clinical practice that relate to incontinence: Types…
Workup Indications for specialist Treatment “feeling dry, being natural, not causing embarrassment, being easy and not resulting in dependence” Pharmacological Non-pharm continence management plan
Etiology of Female Infertility Epidemiology Pathophysiology of Female Infertility Anovulation Type Explanation Result Common Causes/Symptoms Analogy Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadal Anovulation (e.g., Hypothalamic Amenorrhea) Insufficient GnRH from…
Pre-menopause: Peri-menopause: Menopause Early menopause Stopping contraception at menopause Advice on stopping contraception for women aged 50 years and older according to method Method Advice…
Definition/Introduction: Issues of Concern: Clinical Significance:
Adnexal mass DDx Risk Factors Protective factors Presentation Genitourinary symptoms (frequency, urgency, prolapse) Examination Screening Investigations Management
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled structures that may be simple or complex. They are commonly found incidentally during physical examination or imaging. Complications such as rupture,…
Symptoms pagets eczema Erythematous, scaly, crusty, and thickened plaque-like lesionerythematous patch is sharply demarcated and deeply infiltrated, unlike eczematous dermatitis Unilateral, persistentItching or burning sensation.…
Most likely Serious disorders The evil quintuplet Pitfalls
OLIGOMENORRHOEA (< 9 menstrual cycles/ year) DIFFERENTIALS: Polycystic ovary syndrome Incidence prevalence Causes ‘- may be insulin resistance with resultant hyperinsulinemia stimulating excess ovarian androgen…
Causes Clinical presentation Physical examination Diagnosis Tests Management
Cause Symptoms Special considerations Diagnosis Treatment advice Principal treatment option Situation Recommended Alternative Uncomplicated Vaginal azole creams (e.g. clotrimazole 10% vaginal cream, 1 applicator intravaginally…
Cervical polyp Valval Dermatoses Vulval irritants Lichen sclerosis Vaginal prolapse Atrophic vaginitis Urethral caruncles Vulval candida Vulval Itch Vuvlodynia Bartholin cyst Valval Dermatoses Vulval irritants…