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Allergies
Types of Allergic Reactions IgE-mediated (Type I Hypersensitivity) Pathlogy: Common Aeroallerens implicated in IgE-mediated allergy The commonest foods implicated in IgE-mediated allergy are: Common Uncommon Children with IgE-mediated food allergy frequently have other atopic disease, such as Anaphylactoid Reactions vs. Anaphylactic Reactions Anaphylactoid reactions (now often referred to as non-IgE-mediated…
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Allergy Investigations
Investigations for food allergy are neither necessary nor interpretable in the acute setting Serum tryptase Baseline Tryptase Key Points Total IgE Eosinophil Count Non-allergic angioedema Type I & II (C1 esterase inhibitor) hereditary angioedema Diagnosis of specific allergan to food allergy requires convincing history and is supported by: Skin Prick…
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Anaphylaxis
(1) Acute onset of an illness (minutes to several hours) with involvement of the skin, mucosal tissue, or both AND at least 1 of the following: (2) Two or more of the following that occur rapidly after exposure to a likely allergen for that patient (minutes to several hours): (3)…
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Atopy
Atopic Triad Who Gets Atopy? Causes Clinical Features Clinical Features in Different Skin Types Complications Diagnosis Differential Diagnoses Treatment Prevention Outcome
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Dustmite, Pet dander, Mould, Pollen Minimisation
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Food intolerance/Allergy
nonallergic food hypersensitivities
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Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)
Examination Assess for Features Vitals Hypertension Skin Palpable purpura, petechiae and ecchymoses Usually symmetrical Gravity/pressure-dependent areas (buttocks and lower limbs in ambulatory children) Painful subcutaneous oedema Periorbital area Dependent areas (hands, feet, scrotum) Joints Arthritis/arthralgia Usually affects large joints of lower limbs Occasionally upper limbs Usually no significant effusion…
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IgE mediated food allergy
Prevalence: Pattern of Food Allergies: Food Anaphylaxis: Recognition and Management: Treatment Considerations: Diagnosis: Long-term Management: Inadvertent Exposures: Risk Factors for Fatal Food Anaphylaxis: Preventive Measures:
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Introducing Solid Foods to Babies for Allergy Prevention
Key Points Include Common Allergenic Foods One Allergenic Food per Meal Regular Introduction Variety of Foods Texture for Development Stage Note on Allergy Development Questions and Answers: from https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/allergy-prevention/ascia-how-to-introduce-solid-foods-to-babies Q1: Why Should Egg and Peanut Be Introduced by 12 Months of Age? Q2: How Should Egg and Peanut Be Introduced?…
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Kawasaki Disease
Background Assessment Epidemiology Etiology and Pathogenesis Clinical Presentation Diagnostic Criteria Kawasaki disease: Diagnostic criteriaFever persisting for 5 days, PLUS 4 of the 5 following criteria: A diagnosis earlier than 5 days can be made with a typical presentation in consultation with an experienced clinician KD can be diagnosed with less than…
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Multiple myeloma
clonal malignancy of the differentiated β lymphocyte—the plasma cell. Pathology Clinical Life threatening Cx’s of myeloma Diagnostic criteria comprise the presence of: Staging according to Durie Salmon criteria Median survival for patients with myeloma = 3-4 years. (younger patients may live longer) Symptoms Investigations Treatment
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National Immunisation Program Schedule (vaccinations)
View Immunisation Table Close Immunisation Type/Name/Infection Type Birth 2 months 4 months 6 months 12 months 18 months 4 years 12-13 years 14-16 years ≥50 years ≥65 years Other Risk Groups Hepatitis B H-B-Vax® II Paediatric or Engerix B® Paediatric Infanrix® hexa or Vaxelis® Infanrix® hexa or Vaxelis® Infanrix® hexa…
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Non-IgE mediated food allergy
Assessment Summary of conditions Proctocolitis Enteropathy FPIES Average age <6 months <6 months <12 months Vomit Usually not prominent May be present Profuse +++ Stools Blood, mucous usually present Mucous +/- blood may be present May have loose stools Lethargy No Can be present Common Pallor No Possible Common…
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Nonallergic Rhinitis
Vasomotor rhinitis
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Rhinitis
Rhinitis, also known as coryza, is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose. Common symptoms are a stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing, and post-nasal drip. Allergic Rhinitis IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. While this classification is useful for specific treatments such as allergen avoidance and immunotherapy, in practice, nonallergic and…
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Urticaria
Clinical Recommendations Urticaria Characteristics Etiology and Pathophysiology Aggravating Factors Classification CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO SITE Clinical History and Examinaiton Possible Etiologies: CLINICAL CLUE POSSIBLE ETIOLOGY Abdominal pain, dizziness, hypotension, large erythematous patches, shortness of breath, stridor, tachycardia Anaphylaxis Dermatographism, physical stimuli Physical urticaria Food ingestion temporally related to symptoms Food allergy…