• NEUROLOGY,  NEUROPATHY

    PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY

    Demyelination Damage to Schwann cell causes myelin disruption and slowing of nerve conduction. Examples include GuillainBarr syndrome, diphtheria, hereditary sensorimotor neuropathies and Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Axonal degeneration The axon dies back from the periphery. Examples include Diabetes, metabolic conditions and toxic neuropathies such as drugs and alcohol. Wallerian…

  • EYE,  INFECTIOUS DISEASES,  NEUROLOGY,  NEUROPATHY

    Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus

    VZV  distributions of the fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve), shared by the eye and ocular adnexa Red Flags Background Risk Factors History Examination Signs Specific Examination Components Differential diagnosis Management of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) Skin Rash Treatment Ocular Treatment Antiviral Therapy Systemic/Oral Prednisolone Elevated Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Pain Management…

  • INFECTIOUS DISEASES,  NEUROLOGY,  NEUROPATHY

    Herpes Zoster/Shingles

    Pathophysiology of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Infection Chickenpox (Primary VZV Infection): Chickenpox is caused by the primary infection with Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV). During the initial infection, the virus spreads throughout the body, primarily affecting the skin and respiratory tract. This results in the characteristic widespread vesicular rash of chickenpox. The virus…

  • NEUROLOGY,  NEUROPATHY

    facial weakness causes

    Causes of facial weakness NeurologicalStroke (upper motor neuron palsy)Guillain–Barré syndromeMultiple sclerosisOtologicAcute or chronic otitis mediaMalignant/necrotising otitis externaCholesteatomaSchwannomaInfectiousHerpes zoster virusMumpsRubellaEpstein–Barr virusInflammatorySarcoidosisNeoplasticCerebral tumourCutaneous cancer of the face and neckParotid tumourMetastatic tumourLymphomaIdiopathicBell’s palsyTraumaTemporal bone fractureSurgical intervention with subsequent damage to the facial nerve