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Walking’ Pneumonia (Mycoplasma pneumoniae) for GPs
https://www1.racgp.org.au/newsgp/clinical/what-do-gps-need-to-know-about-walking-pneumonia 12 Jul 2024 Overview: Transmission: Symptoms: Complications: Diagnosis: Treatment: Management of Mild Cases: Public Health Data: Clinical Advice for GPs: Practical Considerations:
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Asthma – child aged 1–5 years
gathered from https://www.asthmahandbook.org.au/ -v2.0 Asthma in children is defined clinically as a combination of variable respiratory symptoms (e.g., wheeze, shortness of breath, cough, and chest tightness) and excessive variation in lung function, which indicates variable airflow limitation greater than that seen in healthy children. Key Points Age-specific Diagnostic Considerations Infants…
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Asthma – likelyhood
gathered from https://www.asthmahandbook.org.au/ -v2.0 Checking Whether Current Symptoms Are Due to Asthma Recommendations Likelihood of Asthma Asthma More Likely Criteria Details Symptoms More than one of wheeze, breathlessness, chest tightness, cough Symptom Pattern Recurrent or seasonal, worse at night or early morning History of Allergies Allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis Triggers…
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Asthma – Primary School-Aged Children (6-11 Years)
Managing Asthma in Children Overview Children aged 0–12 months: Children aged 1–5 years: Children aged 6 years and over: General Principles of Asthma Treatment in Children Provide Parents/Carers and Children with: Asthma medications and delivery devices include: Frequent use of SABA alone (>3 MDI canisters per year) and infrequent use…
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Asthma – adolescents (12 years and over)
Key Points – from RCH and Asthma guidelines 2.0 Background Assessment Management Stepping Up or Down According to Response Control Level Daytime Symptoms Need for Reliever Limitation to Activity Nighttime Symptoms Good Control ≤2 days per week ≤2 days per week None None Partial Control >2 days per week >2…
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Pneumonia (kids)
[display-posts category=”paediatrics”] Protracted bacterial bronchitis
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Pertussis / Whooping Cough
Assessment Catarrhal Phase (1-2 weeks, sometimes as short as a few days in infants <3 months) Paroxysmal Cough Stage (2-4 weeks with a peak at 2 weeks, may persist up to 10 weeks) Recovery Phase Complications Investigations Management Prophylaxis Recommended antibiotic for post-exposure prophylaxis for pertussis – Australian Prescriber – VOLUME…
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Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA – KIDS)
upper airway dysfunction causing complete or partial airway obstruction during sleep leading to decreased oxygen saturation or arousals from sleep. Peaks in pre-school years pediatric OSA peaks between 2- 8 years of age due to the increased growth of tonsils and adenoids relative to the size of the upper airway…
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inhaled Foreign body
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CAUSES of Stridor
History Examination Age Frequency Tests Management Croup Associated URTIBarking cough +/ fever, not toxichigh pitched stridor 6 m6y mean 18m Common Nil Supportive SteroidsAdrenaline Epiglottitis Sudden onsetRapid progressionNo preceding coughURTI 2550% Sitting upToxic, pale, droolingLow pitched stridor 90% 2yr Rare in immunised children XrayBlood culture AntibioticsSupportive Foreign body Possible choking…
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Epiglottitis
Causes Group A beta hemolytic Streptococcus (Streptococcus Pyogenes) Streptococcus Pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus Moraxella catarrhalis HaemophilusInfluenzae type B Previously most common cause of Epiglottitis in children No longer a common cause in due to Hib Vaccine More common in adults than children now with waning Vaccination/Immunity and failed Herd Immunity Risks…
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Croup
Key Points Pathophysiology Pathology Assessment History Examination Investigations Minimal Wheezing (Inspiratory Stridor instead), Minimal rhonchi and no rales Assessment “Sound worse than they look” (Opposite of Epiglottitis) – However, severe croup can cause complete airway obstruction Mild Moderate Severe Behaviour Normal Able to talk normally Some / intermittent irritability Some limitation…