Aetiology of ASB Risk Factors for ASB Diagnosis of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) in Elderly Patients Complications of ASB in Elderly Patients Management of ASB

from LIFL – https://litfl.com/urosepsis/ Overview Urosepsis is sepsis with a source localised to the urinary tract (or male genital tract, e.g. prostate). Urosepsis is a severe infection, distinguishing it from other urinary tract infections including mild pyelonephritis and accounts for ~5% of severe sepsis; whereas UTIs account for ~40% of…

Overview: Pathophysiology of Proteinuria Overview: 1) Glomerular Dysfunction: Glomerular Dysfunction: Causes of Glomerular Dysfunction: Chronic Proteinuric Glomerulopathy: Nephritic Syndrome: Characteristics: Mechanism: Causes: Nephrotic Syndrome: Characteristics: Mechanism: Causes: Key Correlations: Proteinuria Levels: Clinical Presentation: Pathophysiology: 2) Tubulointerstitial Dysfunction: Mechanism: Causes of Tubular Dysfunction: 3) Secretory Proteinuria 4) Overflow Proteinuria: Causes of…

Category Males Females History – Detailed history of urinary symptoms (frequency, urgency, dysuria, hesitancy, incomplete emptying, hematuria)– Previous episodes of UTI and treatments used. – Sexual history, frequency, new partners. – Past medical history, especially diabetes, immunosuppression, urological surgeries. – Medication history (antibiotics, medications affecting bladder function). – Lifestyle factors…

microscopic haematuria: Macroscopic haematuria: Common urological causes of haematuria: Significance of haematuria: Recommended investigations for haematuria: Referral to urological service: Anticoagulation and haematuria: Prevalence of identifiable causes: Common causes of haematuria Category Cause Benign Renal masses (eg. angiomyolipoma, oncocytoma)Benign prostatic hypertrophyStrictures Stones Staghorn calculiCalcium stonesUric acid stones Infective PyelonephritisCystitisUrethritis Trauma…

Sterile Pyuria Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Symptomatic Bacteriuria Acute Cystitis from eTG Differential Diagnosis Investigations for Acute Cystitis in Adults Treatment of Acute Cystitis in Adults Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Recurrent UTI Catheter-Associated UTI Prevention of Catheter-Associated UTI in Adults Acute Pyelonephritis from eTG Urethral Syndrome Interstitial Cystitis Genitourinary Tuberculosis Candiduria Prostatitis UTI…

eGFR < 60 for greater than 3 months with or without evidence of Kidney Damage OR Evidence of kidney damage for greater than 3 months (+/- decreased eGFR) ACR(mg/mmol) Albuminexcretion (mg/day) PCR(mg/mmol) Protein excretionmg/day Protein reagent strip Microalbuminuria Male 2.5–25 30–300 Male 4–40 50–500 Trace to +1 Female 3.5–35 Female…

eGFR measurement SI units How is GFR measured or estimated? equations estimate GFR from serum creatinine Problems associated using eGFR: Clinical situations where eGFR results may be unreliable and/or misleading:

Incidence of 131 cases per 100,000 population Site of pain is notoriously inaccurate at predicting location of stone Calculus size, location, and patient discomfort predict the likelihood of spontaneous stone passage. Approximately 90% of stones less than 5 mm pass within four weeks. Up to 95% of stones larger than…

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Nephrotic syndrome  Nephritic syndrome

Casues Wokrup Management Sick-day advice Analgesic nephropathy Acute Tubular necrosis Acute interstitial nephritis

Pathophysiology Pathophysiology Mortality/Morbidity Prognosis Risks  History Symptoms Differentials Medical Hx Examination Signs of LV dysfunction Investigations Rapid antigen test Serology Urine analysis Imaging Studies Treatment / Management PSGN is a self-limiting condition in most cases, and thus only symptomatic treatment is needed. Supportive treatment aims at controlling the complications of…