OVERVIEW Emergency presentations of AAA include: Prevalence and natural history 12 month AAA rupture risk by diameter AAA diameter (cm) Rupture risk (%/year) 3.0–3.9 0%…
OVERVIEW CLASSIFICATION A car mechanic said argumentatively to his client, a cardiac surgeon: “So Doc, look at this work. I also take valves out, grind…
IS A MEDICAL EMERGENCY Initial Stabilization Focussed History/Examination Baseline investigations Urgent surgical r/v Anticoagulation – IV heparin Arrange angiography if considered necessary Surgery within 12…
Specific early Specific late:
Incidence Risk Groups Pathogenesis – May be: Clinical Features Vascular territories involved in neurological ischaemia with some of the commonly observed clinical symptoms and signs…
Management
Deep veins are more important in the development of chronic venous insufficiency ↓ flow is directed abnormally from the deep to the superficial system ↓…
Table 1. Four categories causing a sensation of dizziness Categories Pathophysiology Aetiology Vertigo= spinning sensation Vestibular pathology Vestibular neuritisLabyrinthitisMeniere’s disease Presyncope= fainting sensation Reduced cerebral…
Examination Assess for Features Vitals Hypertension Skin Palpable purpura, petechiae and ecchymoses Usually symmetrical Gravity/pressure-dependent areas (buttocks and lower limbs in ambulatory children) Painful…
Clinical features suggestive of underlying thrombophilia Acquired causes of hypercoagulability Hereditary causes of hypercoagulability: Antithrombin III deficiency Protein C deficiency Protein S deficiency Activated protein…
occurs when arterial blood flow is insufficient to meet the metabolic demands of resting muscle or tissue The natural history of limb-threatening ischemia usually involves…
Background Assessment Epidemiology Etiology and Pathogenesis Clinical Presentation Diagnostic Criteria Kawasaki disease: Diagnostic criteriaFever persisting for 5 days, PLUS 4 of the 5 following criteria: …
differentials
1: Expose patient and do General inspection: 2: Inspection of Leg: 3: Palpation DPA: dorsalis pedis artery DPN: deep peroneal nerve EDL: extensor digitorum longusEHL extensor hallucis…
Acute Limb Ischaemia Chronic Critical Limb Ischaemia Intermittent Claudication Underlying Pathology Gen. due to thromboembolism Also due to: thrombosis; trauma;…
May approach 33 Million cases worldwide, Gender: Slight male predominance, OnsetAge: 30-40 years old
Traditional risk factors for thromboembolic disease RISK FACTORS FOR PE INVESTIGATIONS VQ or CTPA? VQ CTPA Less radiation dose detects clots in smaller vessels widespread…
is usually a self-limiting disorder, but it may be complicated by deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (particularly if the patient has risk factors…
can occur alone or in association with chronic venous insufficiency. ANATOMY The venous system in the lower extremities consists of the draining of blood is…
Clinical features of vasculitis on the basis of size of the affected blood vessel Size of blood vessel Blood vessel involved Clinical features Small vessel…
Treatment for stasis ulcers General measures factors delaying healing venous ulcers Differential diagnosis of arterial, venous, and neuropathic foot ulcers Characteristic Arterial ulcer* Arteriolar infarct…