
- peak age of occurrence is 7-12 years
 
- More than 50% of boys presenting with acute scrotal pain will have torsion of a testicular appendage
 
- can present with clinical features similar to testicular torsion, such as severe acute scrotal pain with nausea and vomiting.
 
- generally a self-limiting condition, are vestigial remnants with no known function
 
- differential includes
- ischemia (testicular torsion) 
 
- infection (acute epididymo-orchitis)
 
- trauma (scrotal contusion, testis rupture).
 
 
- Symptoms
- The gradual onset of pain
 
- hydrocoele
 
- pain is more localized to the upper pole of the testis 
 
- NO
- urinary symptoms
 
- systemic signs such as fever, nausea, or vomiting
 
 
 
- On exam
- palpable, localized mass with maximum tenderness
 
- the ‘blue dot’ sign  (infarcted testicular appendage)
 
- scrotum usually appears normal, negative Prehn sign
 
- cremasteric reflex is typically intact
 
 

- Ultrasound
- hypoechogenic focus with normal or increased blood flow to the testis 
 
 
- treatment
- conservative measures
- NSAIDs
 
- rest
 
- ice
 
- scrota
 
- support and elevation. 
 
 
- the pain may last for several weeks
 
- Surgery is rarely indicated for a torsed testicular appendage.
- A scrotal exploration should only be performed if
- it is difficult to differentiate from testicular torsion
 
- increasing pain
 
- severe persistent pain unresponsive to conservative measures
 
 
 
 
	
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