• DERMATOLOGY

    Rosacea

    Background Clinical Features Demographics Pathophysiology Subtypes and Clinical Manifestations Cutaneous Features: Differential Diagnosis Complications Diagnostic criteria Major criteria (must occur in centrofacial distribution) Minor features In cases where there is diagnostic uncertainty, skin biopsy may be considered. Treatment Systemic Treatment Maintenance Therapy (if rosacea recurs within a month): Topical Treatment Apply for 6…

  • EYE

    Onychogryphosis

    Definition: Onychogryphosis, also known as ram’s horn nail, is a nail disorder characterized by slow nail plate growth, opaque yellow-brown thickening, elongation, and increased curvature of the nail plate. Demographics Causes Clinical Features Complications Diagnosis Differential Diagnoses Treatment Outcome

  • DERMATOLOGY

    Periorificial Dermatitis (POD)

    Definition and Characteristics: Prevalence and Demographics: Etiology and Risk Factors: Clinical Presentation: Complications: Diagnosis: Differential Diagnosis: Treatment Approaches: Outcome and Prognosis: This comprehensive summary provides an in-depth look into the nature, prevalence, etiology, clinical presentation, complications, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment approaches, and outcomes associated with Periorificial Dermatitis.

  • DERMATOLOGY

    Melanoma

    Skin Neoplasia Naevi and Melanoma  Naevi = hamartoma of the skin. With respect to melanocytes, a benign neoplasm Melanocytic Naevi Dysplastic melanocytic naevi (Atypical Mole Syndrome): Halo naevi:  Blue naevus Melanoma Risk Factors:  VERY HIGH RISK: Less strong factors include  Extrinsic Risk Factors for Melanoma Solar UV radiation [8,11,12]   ●   Intermittent…

  • SURGICAL

    Abdominal Pain and Abdominal Exam

    Four Examination Components of the Abdomen 1) Inspection of the Abdomen 2) Percussion of the Abdomen General Technique Assessing Specific Areas Pathological Findings 3) Auscultation of the Abdomen General Technique Bowel Sounds Bruits Other Sounds Special Maneuver 4) Palpation of the Abdomen General Technique Light Palpation Deep Palpation Specific Areas…

  • KNEE,  MUSCULOSKELETAL

    Knee problems

    KNEE SUMMARY Osgood-Schlatter disease 🡪 Consider in prepubertal child with knee pain Patellofemoral syndrome 🡪 Tracking problem. Commonest type of anterior knee pain. Quad mx Referred pain to the knee 🡪 Lumbosacral spine, especially L3-S1 nerve root, and hip joint (L3) Systemic conditions 🡪 OA, RA, spondyloarthropathies, gout, pseudo-gout, lyme…

  • ELBOW,  MUSCULOSKELETAL,  PAEDIATRICS,  PEADS ORTHO

    Pulled elbow 

    NB: do not normally need XR if there is reliable history of traction of elbow, clinical examination suggestive of pulled elbow & child is < 5yrs age XR if there is atypical history or examination Reduction manoeuvres Either of the following methods may be effective Hyperpronation manoeuvre Sit the child…

  • RHEUMATOLOGY

    Osteoporosis

    Metabolic bone disease, characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of the architecture of bone tissue, which in combination leads to bone fragility and fracture Under treated, only 10% of men with osteoporosis and 30% post menopausal women with fractures receiving treatment Classically fracture of low trauma to hip, forearm…

  • RESPIRATORY

    Pneumothorax 

    Pneumothorax Classification Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax (PSP) Secondary Pneumothorax Symptoms Signs CXR Findings Management Large Pneumothorax Collin’s Method (see image below)- A+B+C > 6cm Management Guidelines for Spontaneous Pneumothorax General Approach Specific Patient Management Follow-Up and Monitoring Surgical Consultation Considerations Regarding Air Travel