| Aspect |
Dengue |
Chikungunya |
Zika |
| Etiology |
Caused by Dengue virus (DENV), a flavivirus with four serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4) |
Caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus |
Caused by Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus |
| Common Locations/Risks |
- Tropical and subtropical regions worldwide
- High-risk areas: Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, the Caribbean, Central and South America, Africa
|
- Tropical and subtropical regions
- High-risk areas: Africa, Asia, the Indian subcontinent, the Americas, the Caribbean
|
- Tropical and subtropical regions
- High-risk areas: Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, Central and South America, the Caribbean
|
| Signs and Symptoms |
- High fever
- Severe headache
- Pain behind the eyes
- Severe muscle and joint pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Skin rash
- Mild bleeding (e.g., nose or gums)
|
- Sudden high fever
- Severe joint pain (often in the hands and feet)
- Muscle pain
- Headache
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Skin rash
- Joint pain can persist for months
|
- Mild fever
- Rash
- Joint pain
- Conjunctivitis (red eyes)
- Muscle pain
- Headache
- Symptoms are generally mild and last for several days to a week
|
| Complications |
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
- Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)
- Severe bleeding
- Organ impairment
|
- Persistent joint pain (arthralgia)
- Rare neurological complications (e.g., Guillain-Barré syndrome)
|
- Microcephaly and other congenital abnormalities in babies born to infected mothers
- Guillain-Barré syndrome
- Other neurological and autoimmune complications
|
| Management |
- Supportive care (hydration, pain relief)
- Acetaminophen for pain and fever
- Avoid NSAIDs (risk of bleeding)
- Hospitalization for severe cases
|
- Supportive care (hydration, pain relief)
- NSAIDs for pain relief (after ruling out dengue)
- No specific antiviral treatment
|
- Supportive care (hydration, pain relief)
- Rest and acetaminophen for pain and fever
- No specific antiviral treatment
- Special care for pregnant women
|
| Prevention |
- Mosquito control (eliminate breeding sites, use insecticides)
- Personal protection (insect repellent, long-sleeved clothing, bed nets)
- Dengue vaccine (Dengvaxia) available in some countries for people who have had dengue before
|
- Mosquito control (eliminate breeding sites, use insecticides)
- Personal protection (insect repellent, long-sleeved clothing, bed nets)
- No vaccine available
|
- Mosquito control (eliminate breeding sites, use insecticides)
- Personal protection (insect repellent, long-sleeved clothing, bed nets)
- Special precautions for pregnant women
- No vaccine available
|